Course Overview
CLASS 11 CHEMISTRY
Classification of elements and periodicity. Chemical bonding and molecular structure. States of matter: liquids and gases.
CHAPTER-1 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY
Chemistry is the science of molecules and their transformations. It is the science not so much of the one hundred elements but of the infinite variety of molecules that may be built from them.
CONTENTS
1.1 IMPORTANCE OF CHEMISTRY
1.2 NATURE OF MATTER
1.3 PROPERTIES OF MATTER AND THEIR MEASUREMENT
1.4 UNCERTAINTY IN MEASUREMENT
1.5 LAWS OF CHEMICAL COMBINATIONS
1.6 DALTON’S ATOMIC THEORY
1.7 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR MASSES
1.8 MOLE CONCEPT AND MOLAR MASSES
1.9 PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION
1.10 STOICHIOMETRY AND STOICHIOMETRIC CALCULATIONS
UNIT 2 -STRUCTURE OF ATOM
The rich diversity of chemical behaviour of different elements can be traced to the differences in the internal structure of atoms of these elements.
CONTENTS
2.1 DISCOVERY OF SUB-ATOMIC PARTICLES
2.2 ATOMIC MODELS
2.3 DEVELOPMENTS LEADING TO BOHR’S MODEL OF ATOM
2.4 BOHR’S MODEL FOR HYDROGEN ATOM
2.5 TOWARDS QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL OF THE ATOM
2.6 QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL OF ATOM
Unit-3 CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES
In this Unit, we will study the historical development of the Periodic Table as it stands today and the Modern Periodic Law. We will also learn how the periodic classification follows as a logical consequence of the electronic configuration of atoms. Finally, we shall examine some of the periodic trends in the physical and chemical properties of the elements.
CONTENTS
3.1 WHY DO WE NEED TO CLASSIFY ELEMENTS?
3.2 GENESIS OF PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION
3.3 MODERN PERIODIC LAW AND THE PRESENT FORM OF THE PERIODIC TABLE
3.4 NOMENCLATUREOFELEMENTSWITH ATOMIC NUMBERS >100
3.5 ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATIONS OF ELEMENTS AND THE PERIODIC TABLE
3.6 ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATIONS AND TYPES OF ELEMENTS: s-, p-, d-, f- BLOCKS
3.7 PERIODIC TRENDS IN PROPERTIES OF ELEMENTS
Unit-4
CHEMICAL BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
The attractive force which holds various constituents (atoms, ions, etc.) together in different chemical species is called a chemical bond.
4.1 KÖSSEL-LEWIS APPROACH TO CHEMICAL BONDING
4.2 IONIC OR ELECTROVALENT BOND
4.3 BOND PARAMETERS
4.4 THE VALENCE SHELL ELECTRON PAIR REPULSION (VSEPR) THEORY
4.5 VALENCE BOND THEORY
4.6 HYBRIDISATION
4.7 MOLECULAR ORBITAL THEORY
4.8 BONDING IN SOME HOMONUCLEAR DIATOMIC MOLECULES
4.9 HYDROGEN BONDING
Unit-5 STATES OF MATTER
The snowflake falls, yet lays not long. Its feathery grasp on Mother Earth Ere Sun returns it to the vapours Whence it came, Or to waters tumbling down the rocky slope. Rod O’ Connor
CONTENTS
5.1 INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
5.2 THERMAL ENERGY
5.3 INTERMOLECULAR FORCES vs THERMAL INTERACTIONS
5.4 THE GASEOUS STATE
5.5 THE GAS LAWS
5.6 IDEAL GAS EQUATION
5.7 KINETIC ENERGY AND MOLECULAR SPEEDS
5.8 KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY OF GASES
5.9 BEHAVIOUR OF REAL GASES: DEVIATION FROM IDEAL GAS BEHAVIOUR
5.10 LIQUEFACTION OF GASES
5.11 LIQUID STATE
Unit-6 THERMODYNAMICS
It is the only physical theory of universal content concerning which I am convinced that, within the framework of the applicability of its basic concepts, it will never be overthrown.-Albert Einstein
CONTENTS
6.1 THERMODYNAMIC TERMS
6.2 APPLICATIONS
6.3 MEASUREMENT OF ∆U AND ∆H: CALORIMETRY
6.4 ENTHALPY CHANGE, ∆rH OF A REACTION – REACTION ENTHALPY
6.5 ENTHALPIESFORDIFFERENTTYPES OF REACTIONS
6.6 SPONTANEITY
6.7 GIBBS ENERGY CHANGE AND EQUILIBRIUM
Unit-7 EQUILIBRIUM
The word equilibrium means ‘balance’ which indicates that a chemical reaction represents a balance between the reactants and products taking part in the reaction.
CONTENTS
7.1 EQUILIBRIUM PROCESSES
IN PHYSICAL
7.2 EQUILIBRIUM IN CHEMICAL PROCESSES – DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM
7.3 LAW OF CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM AND EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT
7.4 HOMOGENEOUS EQUILIBRIA
7.5 HETEROGENEOUS EQUILIBRIA
7.6 APPLICATIONS OF EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS
7.7 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT REACTION QUOTIENT AND GIBBS ENERGY
7.8 FACTORS AFFECTING EQUILIBRIA
7.9 IONIC EQUILIBRIUM IN SOLUTION
7.10 ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS
7.11 IONIZATION OF ACIDS AND BASES
7.12 BUFFER SOLUTIONS
7.13 SOLUBILITY EQUILIBRIA OF SPARINGLY SOLUBLE SALTS
Unit-8 REDOX REACTIONS
Where there is oxidation, there is always reduction – Chemistry is essentially a study of redox systems.
CONTENTS
8.1 CLASSICAL IDEA OF REDOX REACTIONS – OXIDATION AND REDUCTION REACTIONS
8.2 REDOX REACTIONS IN TERMS OF ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTIONS
8.3 OXIDATION NUMBER
8.4 REDOXREACTIONSANDELECTRODE PROCESSES
UNIT- 9 HYDROGEN
Hydrogen has the simplest atomic structure among all the elements around us in Nature. In atomic form, it consists of only one proton and one electron. However, in elemental form, it exists as a diatomic (H2) molecule and is called dihydrogen. It forms more compounds than any other element.
9.1 POSITION OF HYDROGEN IN THE PERIODIC TABLE
9.2 DIHYDROGEN, H2
9.3 PREPARATION OF DIHYDROGEN, H2
9.4 PROPERTIES OF DIHYDROGEN
9.5 HYDRIDES
9.6 WATER
9.7 HYDROGEN PEROXIDE (H2O2)
9.8 HEAVY WATER, D2O
9.9 DIHYDROGEN AS A FUEL
CHAPTER-10 THE s-BLOCK ELEMENTS
The first element of alkali and alkaline earth metals differs in many respects from the other members of the group.
CONTENTS
10.1 GROUP 1 ELEMENTS: ALKALI METALS
10.2 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMPOUNDS OF THE ALKALI METALS
10.3 ANOMALOUS PROPERTIES OF LITHIUM
10.4 SOME IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS OF SODIUM
10.5 BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM
10.6 GROUP 2 ELEMENTS : ALKALINE EARTH METALS
10.7 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPOUNDS OF THE ALKALINE EARTH METALS
10.8 ANOMALOUS BEHAVIOUR OF BERYLLIUM
10.9 SOME IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS OF CALCIUM
10.10 BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF MAGNESIUM AND CALCIUM
CHAPTER- 11 THE P-BLOCK ELEMENTS
The variation in properties of the p-block elements due to the influence of d and f electrons in the inner core of the heavier elements makes their chemistry interesting.
CONTENTS
11.1 GROUP 13 ELEMENTS: THE BORON FAMILY
11.2 IMPORTANT TRENDS AND ANOMALOUS PROPERTIES OF BORON
11.3 SOME IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS OF BORON
11.4 USES OF BORON AND ALUMINIUM AND THEIR COMPOUNDS
11.5 GROUP 14 ELEMENTS: THE CARBON FAMILY
11.6 IMPORTANT TRENDS AND ANOMALOUS BEHAVIOUR OF CARBON
11.7 ALLOTROPES OF CARBON
11.8 SOME IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS OF CARBON AND SILICON
CHAPTER-12 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES
carbon has the unique property called catenation due to which it forms covalent bonds with other carbon atoms. It also forms covalent bonds with atoms of other elements like hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus and halogens. The resulting compounds are studied under a separate branch of chemistry called organic chemistry.
CONTENTS
12.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
12.2 TETRAVALENCE OF CARBON: SHAPES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
12.3 STRUCTURAL REPRESENTATIONS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
12.4 CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
12.5 NOMENCLATURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
12.6 ISOMERISM
12.7 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS IN ORGANIC REACTION MECHANISM
12.8 METHODS OF PURIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
12.9 QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
12.10 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
CHAPTER-13 HYDROCARBONS
Hydrocarbons are important sources of energy.
CONTENTS
13.1 CLASSIFICATION
13.2 ALKANES
13.3 ALKENES
13.4 ALKYNES
13.5 AROMATIC HYDROCARBON
13.6 CARCINOGENICITY AND TOXICITY
CHAPTER- 14 ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
The world has achieved brilliance without wisdom, power without conscience. Ours is a world of nuclear giants and ethical infants.
CONTENTS
14.1 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
14.2 ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION
14.3 WATER POLLUTION
14.4 SOIL POLLUTION
14.5 INDUSTRIAL WASTE
14.6 STRATEGIES TO CONTROL ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
14.7 GREEN CHEMISTRY
Course Content
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